What is Basic Knowledge About Pumps?

A pump is a mechanical device used to transport liquids or increase liquid pressure.

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2. Origins and Early Types of Pumps:

• The earliest pumps were invented by the Chinese for water supply and were referred to as "water wheels."

• Around 300 BC, Archimedes invented the "Archimedean screw pump," a precursor to modern pumps, now often powered by electricity.

3. Applications of Pumps:

• Liquid transfer from low to high-pressure zones.

• Lifting liquid from low to high liquid levels.

• Transporting liquids over long distances.

4. Centrifugal Pumps:

• One of the fundamental types is the "centrifugal pump."

• Operating principle involves liquid rotating with the impeller, experiencing centrifugal force, converting kinetic energy to static pressure.

5. Impellers:

• Core components transferring mechanical energy to the liquid.

• Types include open, semi-open, and closed impellers, each suitable for different applications.

6. Pump Casing:

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  Collects liquid from the impeller, converting kinetic energy to pressure.

• Often features a spiral casing for ease of manufacturing and high efficiency.

7. Sealing Devices:

• Essential to prevent liquid leakage under pressure.

• Common types are stuffing box seals (with regular checks) and mechanical seals (not suitable for impure liquids).

8. Cavitation:

• Phenomenon where metal surfaces corrode due to cavity-like erosion when in contact with liquid under high-speed flow and pressure changes.

9. Key Parameters:

• Flow rate (Q), head (H), speed (n), power (P), efficiency (η), and Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH).

10. Characteristic Curves:

• Describe the relationship between performance parameters and include flow rate-head, flow rate-power, flow rate-efficiency, and flow rate-NPSH curves.

11. Operating Centrifugal Pumps:

• Preparation involves checking valves, flange bolts, couplings, and safety devices.

• Normal startup includes monitoring current, pump direction, pressure, and gradually opening the outlet valve.

• Shutdown procedure includes gradually closing the outlet valve, cutting power, and addressing specific steps for hot oil pumps.

1. Conclusion:Understanding pump basics, components, and operation is crucial for efficient use. Regular maintenance ensures optimal performance and longevity.